Integrated multi-biomarker responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to an environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixture

Pharmaceuticals are emerging pollutants of concern for aquatic ecosystems where they occurring in complex mixtures. In the present study, chronic toxicity an environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixture on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated. Five pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, carbamazepine, diclofenac, naproxen and irbesartan) were selected based their detection frequency concentration levels Meuse river (Belgium). Fish exposed 42 days to three different concentrations mixture, median one detected river, 10-times 100-times this concentration. Effects nervous, immune, antioxidant, detoxification systems evaluated throughout exposure period response standardized using Integrated Biomarker Response (IBRv2) index. IBRv2 scores increased over time fish highest After days, displayed significantly higher lysozyme activity (p < 0.01). The also caused significant changes brain serotonin turnover 0.05). short, our results indicate that subchronic waterborne a commonly freshwater may affect neuroendocrine immune trout.